“Castillo de Guijarros” literally means castle or fortress of cobblestones in Spanish. That’s the name the Spaniards gave to a rocky point overlooking the entrance to San Diego Bay when they took possession of the area in the late 1700s. When they erected a fortification to protect the harbor from invaders in 1797 they named it after the boulders strewn about it. During ensuing decades American sailing ship captains took to using some of those cobblestones to serve as ballast for their ships on voyages around Cape Horn. So in time the site took on a new name: Ballast Point.

The site has seen archaeological excavations as well as other research by military historians and the whaling industry. This summer that research and its results will be the subject of an exhibit at the San Diego Archaeological Center, “Ft. Guijarros: Soldiers, Yankee Whalers, and Fisherfolk.” To find out more, you can email the center’s Collections Manager, Dr. Adolfo Muniz, at admuniz@sandiegoarchaeology.org .

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Here’s a cool image, courtesy of the California State Archives.

Nice shot there of Chula Vista as it once was, along with the original Mission San Diego de Alcala and Point Loma in the background. The label also represents a lesson in branding history. It’s part of a collection of trademarks filed with the California Secretary of State’s office between 1861 and 1900. There are nearly 4,000 of these images on file, and they were digitized and released online by the state this past April 21, thanks to a grant from the U. S. National Archives’ National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC).

I’ll be revisiting this website, called California’s Old Series Trademarks, on future posts for sure. For now, if you’d like to check it out, visit http://www.sos.ca.gov/archives/trademarks  .

The city of San Diego’s first newspaper was the San Diego Herald, whose initial issue appeared on May 29, 1851.

“The Herald was at first a four-page four-column paper, published every Thursday,” according to William E. Smythe’s 1908 book, History of San Diego: 1542-1908.

A newspaper just four pages in length might sound short today, but in the context of printing technology at the time, and the limited readership in a then-small town, it was state-of-the-art.

Another feature of the paper which might be a surprise to today’s readers but was standard in papers of the day was an unclaimed letters column. And it was a big one.

The very first issue of the Herald, Smythe wrote, “included a list of 320 letters which had accumulated in the San Diego post office.” It filled “five and three-fourths columns.” That’s almost a page and a half of a four-page paper.

Interestingly, Smythe noted that while two columns were devoted to advertisements for local businesses, ads for San Francisco businesses took up “eight and one-fourth columns,” or roughly two and a quarter pages, again in a four-page paper.

Of course, again, San Diego was a small town with a small business community whose residents might need to buy certain goods from San Francisco firms. But another factor was at play here. It seems that the Herald’s editor and publisher, John Judson Ames, had a lot of contacts among the movers and shakers in San Francisco. In fact, Smythe noted that Ames “spent all the time he possibly could in San Francisco.”

One of Ames’ San Francisco contacts was James Gwin, then a United States Senator from California who supported a proposal to divide the state, annex Baja California and the Sandwich Islands and “make San Diego the capital of the territory,” according to 1982 essay by Teri Thorpe in The Journal of San Diego History. The scheme also involved “the construction of a southern transcontinental railroad terminating at San Diego.”

Gwin’s and Ames’ plan never came to fruition. And an 1860 a gold strike near San Bernardino led Ames to pack up his press and move up there, where the paper became the San Bernardino Herald. San Diego would be without a newspaper for the next eight years.

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The Otay Press of Chula Vista published a lengthy letter-to-the-editor in its issue of April 18, 1889. The letter writer, identified as “Hal,” was touting his home town of La Presa.

“If there is a lovelier spot on the face of nature than the region around La Presa presents today,” Hal began, “it is worth taking a great deal of trouble to see; for certainly the combinations here are enchanting.”

The beautiful scenery “owes but one feature to it,” he wrote. “That feature, however, is important. It is the Sweetwater Reservoir.”

Here, you could say, borrowing a contemporary term, Hal riffed on the reservoir:

“It is dam full of water. I mean it is full of damned water—that is to say that the great dam dams the water and therefore the water is dammed.”

He then goes back to a more traditional message.

“It makes a beautiful lake three miles long by a mile wide. The surface of Spring Valley and the surrounding hills is covered with wild oats…. clover and bespangled with flowers. For a week past the mower has been gliding through the rank vegetation; the horserake following, and thousands of hay cocks are dotting the hillsides and valleys.”

The Sweetwater Dam, which created that reservoir, had been dedicated just one year earlier from the time Hal wrote his letter, and La Presa was just beginning to develop.

“Nearly two months ago Mr. Schaeffer received an appointment of postmaster here,” the letter continued. “He immediately sent on his bonds and there the matter rests. We are patiently waiting for the establishment of our postoffice and a daily mail. In the meantime our mail is forwarded from National City with semi-occasional regularity.”

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They stand there, obviously dressed in their best outfits, as people usually did when posing for photographs in the late 19th century, even though in this case they are standing in a packing house, surrounded by orange crates.

The only illumination is the bright Southern California sun coming through a small skylight toward the back of the room. The photo caption, supplied by the Escondido Public Library’s Pioneer Room photo archives identifies the setting as the interior of the “Sechrest Packing House,” circa 1895, “the first Escondido orange packing house and its workers.”

You can find out more about the Sechrest Packing House and the heyday of the citrus industry in Escondido by ordering my book, Valleys of Dreams, from the “My Books” tab on this website.

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